Keoladeo Ghana National Park, located in Bharatpur, Rajasthan, is one of India’s most famous wildlife sanctuaries and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Known especially for its rich birdlife, the park is a paradise for nature lovers, ornithologists, and photographers. Often referred to as the Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary, it is regarded as one of the world’s best bird-watching destinations.
History and Significance
Originally a royal duck-hunting reserve for the Maharajas of Bharatpur, Keoladeo was declared a protected sanctuary in 1956 and later a national park in 1982. In 1985, UNESCO recognized it as a World Heritage Site due to its incredible biodiversity, especially its bird population.
The park derives its name from an ancient Shiva temple—Keoladeo Temple—located within its boundaries, and “Ghana” refers to the dense forest once covering the region.
Biodiversity
Keoladeo is home to over 375 bird species and is considered one of Asia’s finest wetlands. During the winter season, thousands of migratory birds arrive here from Europe, Central Asia, China, and Siberia. Some popular species include:
- Siberian Crane (rare winter visitor)
- Painted Stork
- Egrets and Herons
- Pelicans
- Kingfishers
- Indian Hornbill
- Ducks and Geese
Apart from birds, the park also hosts:
- Sambar deer
- Nilgai (Blue Bull)
- Chital
- Wild Boar
- Python
- Turtles and many amphibian species
Landscape and Habitat
The park covers around 29 sq km and consists of grasslands, marshes, shallow lakes, and woodland patches. Its well-maintained wetlands make it an essential stopover for migratory birds. The park’s ecological system is supported by water from the Gambhir and Banganga rivers.
Best Time to Visit
The ideal time to visit Keoladeo Ghana National Park is between October and March, when migratory birds flock to the sanctuary. For photography and birdwatching, early morning and late afternoon are perfect.
Things to Do
- Bird Watching: The main attraction—best done using binoculars or a camera.
- Rickshaw Safari: Local rickshaw pullers are trained as bird guides.
- Walking & Cycling: Visitors can walk or rent bicycles to explore the park at their own pace.
- Nature Photography: Countless opportunities to capture wildlife and natural beauty.
Why It’s Special
Keoladeo is not just a sanctuary but an ecological treasure, proving how human-managed wetlands can support diverse wildlife. Its peaceful surroundings, abundance of birds, and rich biodiversity make it a must-visit destination for anyone traveling through Rajasthan.
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